Effectiveness of Neem Leaf Extract And Packaging Types On The Quality of Cilembu Variety Sweet Potato

Tazkia Mega Aulya; Putra Rizky Nugraha; Tety Suciaty1

doi:10.55173/agriscience.v9i2.188

Authors

Tazkia Mega Aulya Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swadaya Gunung Jati, Indonesia
Putra Rizky Nugraha Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swadaya Gunung Jati, Indonesia
Tety Suciaty1 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swadaya Gunung Jati, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55173/agriscience.v9i2.188

Keywords:

neem extract, physicochemical, postharvest, storage, sweet potato

Abstract

Proper postharvest handling is a critical factor in maintaining the quality of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L). This research evaluated the effectiveness of neem leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) extract concentration and packaging type in inhibiting sprouting, reducing infestation by the sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius), and maintaining weight loss, starch content, and total dissolved solids in Cilembu variety sweet potatoes during storage. This experiment used a Completely Randomized Design with three replications, consisting of neem extract concentrations (0, 10, 20 ml/L) and packaging types (jute sacks, polinet nets, bamboo baskets). Neem leaves contain azadirachtin compounds which can preserve the physiological quality of sweet potatoes from pest attacks. The higher the concentration, the higher the level of effectiveness in maintaining and preserving the physiological quality of sweet potatoes during storage therefore, this study tested neem leaf extract concentrations of (0, 10, 20 ml/L). Results showed that the combination of 10 ml/L and 20 ml/L neem leaf extract with poly-net packaging yielded the best overall quality. This treatment significantly reduced sweet potato weevil infestation by up to 99.4% and suppressed weight loss by up to 33.8%, while maintaining more stable starch content and total soluble solids. The 10 ml/L and 20 ml/L neem leaf extract demonstrated optimal insecticidal properties, while the poly-net packaging provided the best ventilation for releasing respiratory heat and controlling moisture accumulation compared to jute sacks and bamboo baskets. In conclusion, the combination of 10 ml/L and 20 ml/L neem leaf extract with poly-net packaging is effective in maintaining the quality of Cilembu variety sweet potatoes during storage.

References

Alzohairy, M. A. (2016). Therapeutics role of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and their active constituents in diseases prevention and treatment. Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 1-11. doi:10.1155/2016/7382506

Azwana, & Kuswardani, R. A. (2023). Potensi Pemanfaatan Insektisida Nabati Dalam Pengendalian Hama Kutu Daun (Aphis Gossypii Glover) Pada Tanaman Terong. Banyumas: PT. Pena Persada Kerta Utama.

Bhamare, U. U., Mali, Y. S., & Shaikh, A. Z. (2020). Neem: As a natural Medicine. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 12(4). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-4385.2020.00041.2

Bhattarai, P., Tripathi, K. M., Gautam, D., & Shrestha, A. K. (2021). Storability of sweet potato genotypes under ordinary ambient storage conditions. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 214-224. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.20

Capinera, J. L. (2014). Sweetpotato Weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Brentidae). University of Florida IFAS Extension. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in154-1998

Chaudhary, U., Malik, S., Rana, V., & Joshi, G. (2024). Advances in Bamboo Science. ELSEVIER.

Chilungo, S., Muzhingi, T., Truong, V.-D., & Allen, J. A. (2019). Effect of Storage and Packaging Materials on Color and Carotenoid Content of Orange-Fleshed Sweetpotato Flours. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 4(9). Retrieved from https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/60702500/Sweetpotato%20manuscripts/s162.pdf

Choir, A. Z., & Akbar, A. A. (2023). Analisis Kandungan Glukosa dan Daya Terima Gula Cair Berbahan Dasar Ubi CIlembu (Ipomea batatas L). Jurnal SAGO: Gizi dan Kesehatan, 5, 133-140.

Desta, B., & Amare, G. (2024). The role of cytokinin and gibberellin in potato tuber sprouting. Innovare Journal of Agricultural Science, 12(3). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2024v12i3.50588

Di, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, F., Feng, H., Wang, X., & Cai, C. (2024). Advances in the modulaion of potato tuber dormancy and sprouting. Internastional Jurnal of Molecular Sciences.

Direktorat Jenderal Tanaman Pangan. (2023). Laporan Tahunan 2023. Retrieved from pertanian.go.id.

Donyina, G. A., Szarvas, A., Opoku, V. A., Miko, e., Tar, M., Czobel, s., & Monostori, T. (2025). Enhancing sweet potato production: a comprehensive analysis of the role of auxins and cytokinins in micropropagation. 1-14.

Drapal, M., Rossel, G., Leider, B. I., & Fraser, P. D. (2019). Metabolic diversity in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam) leaves and storage roots. Horticulture Research. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-018-0075-5

Fakhruzy. (2018). Fibrilasi Selulosa Bambu Ampel (Bambussa vulgaris). Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah .

FAO. (2001). Principles of storage for roots and tubers. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Fernando, F. (2022). Perancangan Sarana Penyimpanan dan Kemasan Ubi CIlembu. Jurnal Tanra: Desain Komunikasi Visual, 9.

Haider, M. W., Nafees, M., Ahmad, I., Ali, B., Maryam, & Iqbal, R. (2022). Postharvest dormancy-related changes of endogenous hormones in relation to different dormancy-breaking methods of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.945256

Han, S. H., Jang, H. D., & Lee, S. J. (2019). Modeling respiration rates of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) under hermetic storage system. Food Science and Biotechnology, 29(2), 227-234. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00660-2

Harnowo, D., & Utomo, J. S. (2020). Ubi Jalar: Dari Morfologi dan Pola Pertumbuhan hingga Prospek Pengembangan. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang.

Herawati, L., Ria, E. R., & Amalia, L. (2024). Pengaruh Teknik Pembersihan dan Wadah Penyimpanan Terhadap Preferensi Serangga Hama Lanas (Cylas formicarius Fabricius) dan Kualitas Ubi Jalar (Ipomea batatas (L). Lam) CV. Cilembu. Orchid Agro, 4, 50-63.

Isman, M. B. (2020). Botanical Inscticides in the Twenty-First century-fulfilling their promise. Annual review of Entology, 65, 233-249. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025010

Javandira, C., Yuniti, I. G., & Widana, I. G. (2022). Pengaruh Pestisida Daun Mimba terhadap Mortalitas Kutu Daun (Aphis craccivora Koch) pada Tanaman Kacang Panjang. Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal, 5, 485-491.

Kortse, T.S, M., & Ngutor, N. (2023). The efficacy of moringa and neem extracts on post-harvest decay and sprouting ability of stored sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) roots produced in Makurdi, Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 10(5), 126-138. doi:10.22192/ijarbs

Leng, P. H., & Reddy, G. V. (2014). Bioactivity of Selected Eco-Friendly Pesticides Against Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae). Florida entomologist, 95(4), 1040-1047. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1653/024.095.0433

Li, C., Kou, M., Arisha, M. H., Tang, W., Ma, M., Yan, H., . . . Li, Q. (2021). Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profiling of High-Temperature Treated Storage Roots Reveals the Mechanism of Saccharification in Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(13). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136641

Li, J., Hanif, M., Azam, M., Khan, M. A., Umer, M. A., Chaudhary, B., . . . Khan, T. A. (2025). Effect of neem leaf extract on physiochemical traits and antioxidant activity of peach fruit during storage. Journal of Stored Products Research, 111. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2025.102555

Minista, I., Ngakou, A., Younoussa, L., & Nukenine, E. N. (2017). Insecticidal efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) products against the sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) weevil (Cylas puncticollis Boh.) in storage. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(5), 1130-1133. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320297520_Insecticidal_efficacy_of_neem_Azadirachta_indica_A_Juss_products_against_the_sweet_potato_Ipomea_batatas_L_weevil_Cylas_puncticollis_Boh_in_storage

Modi, G., & Soni, R. K. (2023). Azadirachta indica in Focus: investigating Neem's Diverse Applications. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 1500-1510.

Monostori, T., & Azarvas, A. (2015). A review on sweet potato with special focus on Hungarian production 1: utilization, biology and transplant production. Review on Agriculture and Rural Development, 4, 68-81.

Mu, F., Zheng, H., Zhao, Q., & Li, Z. (2024). Physiological changes and molecular regulation in sweetpotato responses to low-temperature stress. Crop Science Society of America. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21434

Narullita, A., Waluyo, S., & Novita, D. D. (2013). Sifat fisik ubi jalar (ubi jalar gisting kabupaten tanggamus dan jati agung kabupaten lampung selatan) pada dua metode penyimpanan. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung, 133-146.

Pahlevi, R. W., Guritno, B., & Suminarti, N. E. (2016). Pengaruh Kombinasi Proporsi Pemupukan Nitrogen dan Kalium Pada Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Kualitas Tanaman Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb) Cilembu Varietas Cilembu Pada Dataran Rendah. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 4, 16-22.

Pavela, R., & Benelli, G. (2016). Essential Oils as Ecofriendly Biopesticides? Challenges and Constraints. Trends in Plant Science, 21(12), 1000-1007. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2016.10.005

Pedrosa, V. M., Izidoro, M., Paythosh, S., Dungan, R. S., Olsen, N., Spear, R., & Teixeira, G. H. (2025). The relationship between respiration rate and quality parameters of russet potatoes during long term-storage. American Journal of Potato Research, 102, 93-105. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-025-09977-7

Peng, J., Shen, H., Wang, G., Zhang, Z., Xue, B. P., Huang, S., . . . Hu, L. (2024). Experiment and Analysis of Physical Properties of Sweet Potato Varieties at Different Harvesting Periods. MDPI Journals, 1-16.

Prasad, R., Reddy, N. D., Narayan, A., Alam, T., Giri, G., & Singh, P. (2022). Field efficacy of botanical insecticides against sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius Fab. (Coleoptera:Brentidae). The Pharma Innovation, 3243-3246. Retrieved from https://www.doi.org/10.22271/tpi

Pratiwi, R. A. (2020). Pengolahan Ubi Jalar Menjadi Aneka Olahan Makanan. Jurnal Triton, 11, 42-50.

Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian. (2024). Statistik Terkini Ekonomi Pertanian Maret 2024. Retrieved from Satu Data Pertanian: https://satudata.pertanian.go.id/assets/docs/publikasi/Statistik_Terkini_Pertanian_Maret_2024.pdf

Putri, J. C., & Izzati, S. H. (2017). Pengaruh Lama Penyimpanan Terhadap Perubahan Morfologi dan Kandungan Gizi Pada Umbi Talas bogor (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Scoot). Jurnal Biologi, 6, 49-58.

Qayyum, M. M., Shahzad, U., Jahan, M. S., El-Beltagi, H. S., Ghuffar, S., Qasim, M., . . . Muminov, M. M. (2025). Optimizing gibberellic acid concentration and exposure time for effective dormancy breaking and sprouting enhancement in potato. Scientific reports, 15. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13219-5

Rembulani, J. C., & Rahmadhia, S. N. (2023). Quality Control of White Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Linneaus) As Raw Material for Chili Sauce. Journal of Tropical Food and Agroindustrial Technology, 4(1), 20-28.

Sardi, A., & Magfirah, P. (2024). Pembuatan Pestisida Nabati Daun Mimba Untuk Mengendalikan Hama Pada Tanaman Di Desa Rumpet Kecamatan Krueng Barona Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Bumi: Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Sosialisasi Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 2, 18-25.

Suharyon, & Edi, S. (2020). Potensi dan Peluang Pengembangan Komoditas Ubi Jalar Di Kabupaten Kerinci Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora, 4, 777-785.

Sun, G., Gou, Y., Zhang, L., Tang, M., Li, Y., Song, Y., . . . Wang, J. (2025). Effects of Different Temperatures on the Physiological Characteristics of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) Storage Roots and Growth of Seedings During the Sprouting and Seedling Period. Plants.

Sutrisno, A., Sutrisno, & Ahmad, U. (2017). Prediksi Deteksi Kerusakan Ubi Jalar Cilembu Akibat Serangan Lanas Menggunakan Gelombang Ultrasonik. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian, 65-72.

Tanjung, M., & Nurfadliela, N. A. (2023). Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Tani Ubi Cilembu Secara Berkelanjutan. Journal UNU Cirebon, 4, 21-36.

Wahyudiarto, A. D., Yuniastuti, T., & Joegijantoro, R. (2023). Efektivitas ekstrak daun mimba (Azadirachta indica juss) terhadap kematian lalat rumah (Musca domestica) di lingkungan rumah sakit umum daerah dr. H. koesnadi Bondowoso. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v4i3.16511

Widjanarko, S. B. (2012). Fisiologi dan Teknologi Pasca Panen. Malang: UB Press.

Wylie, M. R., & Merrell, D. S. (2022). The Antimicrobial Potential of the Neem Tree Azadirachta indica. Frontiers in Pharmacology.

Xanthopoulos, G. T., Paytosh, S., Dungon, R. S., Olsen, N., Spear, R., & Teixeira, g. H. (2024). Relative contributions of respiration and transpiration to the weight loss of russet-type potatoes. Biosystems Engineering, 248, 297-307. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.11.006