AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Faculty of Agriculture Merdeka University Surabaya, E-ISSN: 2597-8713 (Online) and ISSN: 2598-5167 (Print). and with DOI Prefix number: 10.55173. The aims of the journal are to publish and disseminate high quality, original research papers and article review in plant science i.e. agronomy, horticulture, plant breeding, soil sciences, plant protection, agricultural technology, agricultural agribusiness, agricultural economy and other related fields related to agriculture. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE is published twice a year. We accept submission from all over the world. All submitted articles shall never been published elsewhere, original and not under consideration for other publication. Already have a Username/Password for Agricultural Science? Go to LOGIN Need a Username/Password? Go to REGISTRATION Download TEMPLATE and AUTHOR GUIDELINE
Faculty of Agriculture, Merdeka University Surabaya, Indonesia
Physical Properties and Panelists’ Preference for Purple Sweet Potato Flour Flakes with Okara Flour Substitution
Purple sweet potato flour is a promising flake component due to its elevated carbohydrate and antioxidant levels. Nonetheless, its very low protein content requires the incorporation of supplementary ingredients, such as okara flour, which is abundant in protein and fiber, to enhance the nutritional profile of the final product. This study investigates the impact of replacing purple sweet potato flour with okara flour on flakes' physical properties (texture and rehydration capacity) and sensory acceptance (organoleptic qualities). A one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with five replacement levels: P0 (100%:0%), P1 (90%:10%), P2 (80%:20%), P3 (70%:30%), and P4 (60%:40%). The results showed that the substitution markedly influenced texture (p = 0.016) and rehydration capacity (p = 0.000), with increased okara levels resulting in firmer flakes and enhanced rehydration. Substitution markedly affected panelists' preferences for taste (p = 0.000), texture (p = 0.000), and color (p = 0.025), but not scent (p = 0.725). Elevating okara levels often diminished preference for flavor and texture, although color was favored at elevated okara concentrations. The optimal formulation was achieved with a 20% replacement of okara.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agricultural Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Corn Cob Compost An Environmentally Friendly Base Fertilizer Solution PT Nuansa Cipta Indowarna Mandiri
This demonstration plot study of the use of corn cake compost as a base fertilizer for corn farming on rain-fed land owned by PT. Nuansa Cipta Indowana Mandiri on Jl. Lumbang km. 07, Sumberkramat Village, Tongas District, Probolinggo Regency aims to analyze the socio-economic impacts of utilizing the company's abandoned/idle rain-fed land. This idle land utilization is intended to increase farm income and contribute to national harvest yields as a basis for food security. It also aims to determine the economic value of corn cake industrial waste as compost that can improve soil fertility. The data used are secondary data in the form of Corn Cake Flour Analysis results and primary data sourced from the demonstration plot data on the use of Corn Cake Flour compost as a base fertilizer for corn planting in rain-fed rice fields owned by PT. Nuansa Cipta Indowarna Mandiri in Sumber Kramat Village, Tongas District, Probolinggo Regency.The method used in this study was purposive sampling with observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were collected/processed and then analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods. The results of the study indicate that the abandoned/idle land of PT Nuansa Cipta Indowarna Mandiri is rain-fed land that has been planted with rice twice since 2009, namely in 2014 and in 2025 in a demonstration plot using corn filter cake compost, the land was planted with corn. Planting corn on a 3,000 m² plot produced 1,400 kg of dry corn kernels, with a total cost of IDR 6,713,000, - generating income of IDR 1,267,000, - the harvest yield decreased because 20% of the corn seedlings died due to heavy rain for 4 days. The R/C ratio of 1.19 is greater than 1, which means it is economically feasible. Socially, corn farming on the idle/abandoned land can absorb labor, provide cattle feed in the form of corn stalks for farm laborers harvesting, and contribute to corn harvest yields that can increase the number of corn harvests nationally. Corn Flour which is sugar waste from corn as the basic ingredient can be used as organic fertilizer because it has an organic C content of 25.56% (SNI Solid Organic Fertilizer Organic C content >15%) and a very low Fe content, namely available Fe 83.3 and total Fe 366 (SNI maximum available Fe 500 and maximum total Fe 15,000).Key words: Rainfed lowland farmers, income contribution, side job.
The Role of Mangroves In Mitigation of Ecosystem Degradation Threats In Gunung Anyar city of Surabaya
The coast of Surabaya City is dominated by mangrove forest ecosystems. The mangrove forest experiences a lot of shrinkage every year. The shrinkage that occurs in mangrove forests is not only caused by natural factors (abrasion and wind) but also due to logging activities by local communities. The degradation that occurs in mangrove forests is largely influenced by waves and tides. The existence of mangrove forests is thought to be very important for reducing the threat of degradation and can play a role in mitigating damage to existing ecosystems. The function of mangrove forests in mitigating the threat of degradation has encouraged a deeper study of mangrove forests which are thought to have a physical function as a barrier to ecosystem damage. The method used is a survey method with sampling using a transect line technique. The data collection technique in the field uses a transect line technique whose placement has been designed. The research results showed that three types were found, namely Avicennia marina, Rhizophora Apiculata, Ceriops candra. The tree level is calculated by the cover and density values ​​(trees/ha) to determine the standard criteria for determining mangrove forest damage. The cover level is very high with a final value of 99.61%. The results of the calculation of the density value (trees/ha) are above>150. amounting to 14,866.67, this shows that the density of trees in the Gunung Anyar mangrove forest is very high. Based on data from analysis of the Gunung Anyar mangrove forest, in general it has the ability to minimize degradation.
Degradation, mitigation, mangroves, density, closure
Copyright (c) 2023 Agricultural Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Circular Economy Based City Park Management Model in Surabaya Indonesia
Maintaining a green, clean, beautiful, and lush city park through the year requires sustainable management, which includes maintenance like watering, pruning, trimming, and rejuvenation, as well as the creation of new parks. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the successful management of city parks in Surabaya and to understand the organic material cycle involved in managing these parks. This study used qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through interviews with park management personnel, documentation from various city government policies, and field observations related to park management activities. Data were analysed using triangulation methods. Trees and city parks need regular care, such as pruning and trimming, to provide optimal benefits. Pruning waste, along with other organic waste, is composted at composting facilities or recycling centers widely available in Surabaya. The cyclical management of organic waste from city parks impacts the growth and development of Surabaya's parks while simultaneously solve the problem of organic waste produced by city communities.Although many studies discuss urban green space and waste management in Surabaya, specific research mapping the biomass cycle and circular economy framework in city park management is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to fill that research gap by exploring how circular economy principles are implemented in the Surabaya city park management system.
Circular economy, management, city park, Biomassa
Response of Sansevieria trifasciata cuttings On the Soaking Time of Vigna radiata Sprouts Extract
This study aimed to determine the effect of soaking time of mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprout extract on the growth of snake plant (Sansevieria trifasciata) leaf cuttings. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture's screen house, UGJ Cirebon used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments of immersion duration (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes) each repeated five times. The parameters observed included root length, time to shoot emergence, number of shoots, leaf thickness, chlorophyll content, and plant growth rate. The analysis results showed that the immersion duration significantly affected root length, initial shoot emergence, and number of shoots, especially at 40 and 60 days after planting. The best treatment was obtained at 30 minutes of immersion which consistently produced the most optimal root and shoot growth. Meanwhile, there was no significant effect on leaf thickness, chlorophyll content, and plant growth rate in all treatments. The phytohormone content in mung bean sprout extract such as auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin is thought to play a role in stimulating root and shoot growth in the early phase of snake plant cutting propagation. This study proves that natural PGR from mung bean sprouts has the potential as an environmentally friendly alternative in supporting the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants.
Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers to the Vegetative Growth of Red Chilies (Capsicum Year L.)
This study aims to determine the extent of the effect of Nitrogen and phosphorus on the vegetative growth of red chili plants. The research method was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Merdeka University, Surabaya. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with two factors and three plant replications. The results showed a significant interaction between the combination of Nitrogen and Phosphorus treatments on Plant Height observations. The treatment of the correct (highest) Nitrogen fertilizer dose was shown by the N3 treatment and was significantly different from the N1 and N2 treatments on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves and number of branches. The treatment of the correct (highest) Phosphorus fertilizer dose was shown by the P2 treatment and was significantly different from the P1 treatment on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves and number of branches.
Chili, Fertilizer, Growth, Plants, Soil.
The Effect of Differences In Etefon Concentrations On The Level of Riteness And Quality of Melon (Cucumis Melo L.)
Melons (Cucumis melo L.) are a high-value horticultural commodity that faces challenges in terms of irregular ripening, especially in the Cirebon area and its surroundings. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the growth regulator ethephon on the acceleration of ripening and melon fruit quality. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with six levels of ethephon concentration (0, 25 ml/L, 50 ml/L, 75 ml/L, 100 ml/L, and 125 ml/L) applied to post-harvest melons, and observations were made on days 2, 4, and 6 of storage. The parameters observed included weight loss, total soluble solids, vitamin C, chlorophyll, anthocyanin, and carotenoids. Meanwhile, the organoleptic test was conducted subjectively using human senses as the primary assessment tool. The results showed that the 75 mL/L concentration provided the best effect on ripening acceleration, as indicated by increased anthocyanin, chlorophyll degradation, and softer fruit texture, as well as high panelist preference. Although the 50 mL/L concentration showed the highest taste and total soluble solids, the optimal quality characteristics were found at 75 mL/L. It is recommended to use ethephon at a concentration of 75 mL/L to accelerate ripening while maintaining optimal melon fruit quality during storage.
The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Dosage on The Growth and Yield of Balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.)
This study aims to determine the effect of various doses of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of impatiens (Impatiens balsamina L.). The study was conducted in Bandorasa Village, Cilimus District, Kuningan Regency, using a randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments of nitrogen fertilizer doses, ranging from 1 g to 4 g of urea per polybag. The parameters observed included root length, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, net assimilation rate, plant growth rate, chlorophyll content, number of flowers, fresh flower weight, and anthocyanin and carotenoid content. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer application had a significant effect on several parameters, particularly plant height, number and area of leaves, plant growth rate, and number and weight of flowers. The 2.5 g/polybag dose treatment yielded the best results for most parameters, while excessively high doses tended to reduce growth and flowering efficiency. This study concluded that applying nitrogen fertilizer at the appropriate dose is crucial for optimizing the growth and yield of Impatiens balsamina L.
Farmers' Satisfaction With The Government's Performance In Inpari Variety Rice Seed Assistance 32 (Case Study In Dukupuntang District, Cirebon Regency)
This study analyzes the level of satisfaction of farmers who receive Inpari 32 variety rice seed assistance in Dukupuntang District, Cirebon Regency. The quantitative survey method with Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) was applied to 66 respondents. The data includes: demographic characteristics (age, education, land area, farming experience, membership), importance score and attribute performance (type, quality, quantity, time, process, mentoring), validity test, reliability, and science analysis. The results showed that the average importance score (Ȳ = 2.58) and performance (X̄ = 2.47) resulted in a 63.2% fit rate (medium category). The attributes of "Seed Type" are located in Quadrant I (improvement priority), "Quantity" and "Distribution Time" in Quadrant II (retained), while "Quality", "Process", and "Mentoring" are in Quadrant III (incremental improvement). These findings support strategic recommendations for the Agriculture Service and policymakers.
Farmer satisfaction, seed assistance, government performance, Inpari 32, Importance Performance Analysis.
Factors That Influence Purchasing Decisions On Brazilian Grapes AT CV. Gentar Brazilian Grapes Teja Village, Rajagaluh Sub-District, Majalengka District
The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence purchasing decisions for Brazil grapes at CV. Gentar Brazil Wine, Majalengka. A quantitative approach was used with a survey method of 100 respondents. The independent variables are price, product quality, promotion, and location, while the dependent variable is the purchase decision. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the four variables had a significant effect on purchasing decisions, with an R² value of 71.5%. Only product quality and location have a significant effect partially, while price and promotion do not. Product quality is the dominant factor influencing purchasing decisions, and strategic location. These results indicate the importance of improving product quality and distribution access in Brazil grape marketing strategies. This research can be expected to be a reference for the development of exotic horticultural agribusiness at the local level
Improving Pakchoy (Brassica rapa L.) Growth and Yield in Stone Waste–Contaminated Soil Through Organic Amendments
Rock flour (slurry), a by-product of the stone industry, contributes to soil degradation by causing soil compaction and reducing soil fertility. The sustainable strategies such as the application of organic amendments are needed to restore soil properties. The aim of this research to evaluate the effects of different organic amendments—rice husk biochar, straw compost, and goat manure—on the growth and yield of pakchoy (Brassica rapa L.) cultivated in stone waste–contaminated soil. This research used randomized block design with four treatments and five replications was employed: (P1) control (stone waste–contaminated soil without amendment), (P2) Stone waste–contaminated soil and husk biochar (1:1), (P3): Stone waste–contaminated soil and straw compost (1:1), and (P4): Stone waste–contaminated soil and goat manure (1;1). The results showed that goat manure significantly enhanced pakchoy growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, root volume, and plant weight. Goat manure promote the optimal plant growth through serve optimal planting media.
Differences In Raw Material Types On The Production Costs of Skin Crackers In Tengah Tani District
Business actors often choose raw materials based on availability and price, without considering the total cost and overall product quality. This study aims to: (1) determine how the skin cracker production process for fresh, gareman and dried raw materials; (2) determine the contribution of raw material types to production process costs; and (3) determine the differences in raw material types on production costs. The hypothesis of this study is that there are suspected significant differences in the production costs of the skin cracker business based on the type of raw material used. The study was conducted in Tengah Tani District with purposive considerations with a research period from February to August 2025. The population of this study amounted to 16 business units, including 10 units using gareman raw materials, 3 units using fresh raw materials, and 3 units using dried raw materials. The research technique used a census technique so that the entire population was used as a sample and the data analysis technique used one-way ANOVA. The results of the study indicate that based on the selection of raw materials, more consideration is related to technical aspects. The largest contribution to raw material costs is garment raw materials. The total production costs based on differences in raw materials show differences with further analysis showing that production costsdrymuch lower than salted and fresh, but for salted and fresh, there was no statistically significant difference.
The Potential for Organic Matter and Nutrient Recovery from Broccoli Harvest Residues to Support Sustainable Agriculture
The return of harvest residues to the soil is an essential strategy in supporting sustainable agriculture, particularly for horticultural commodities such as broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). This study aims to analyze the potential return of organic matter and macronutrients (N, P, K) as well as organic carbon (C-organic) from broccoli harvest residues to enhance soil fertility and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. The research was conducted in May 2025 in Desa Tani, Cipanjalu, Cilengkrang, Bandung Regency, with laboratory testing performed at the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University, Bogor. A quantitative and descriptive approach was employed through observation, interviews, and laboratory analysis. The identification results showed that the total fresh weight of broccoli plants was 1,169 grams, of which only 400 grams were harvested, while the remaining 769 grams consisted of leaves, lower stems, and roots left in the field. The dry weight of the harvest residues was 77 grams per plant. With a planting density of 22,000 plants per hectare, the potential nutrient return was calculated using the formula: Nutrient Return = Dry Weight × Nutrient Content × Population per hectare. The nutrient content analysis showed that the broccoli residues contained 7.03% nitrogen (N), 0.90% phosphorus (P), 4.84% potassium (K), and 33.79% organic carbon (C-organic). Broccoli harvest residues have been proven to possess significant nutrient value and can be utilized as green manure to improve soil structure and reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers.
Research Trends On Pests of Manganji Chili Plants(Capsicum Annuum L): A Bibliometrix Review
Manganji chili is a distinctive horticultural commodity from Japan with high economic value; however, the greatest challenge in its production lies in pest infestations. This study aims to analyze research trends concerning pests affecting Manganji chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.). The analysis was conducted using a bibliometric approach based on Scopus data, supported by VOSviewer and Bibliometrix tools. The primary focus was directed at five key pests: Aphis gossypii, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Nezara viridula, Spodoptera litura, and Filicaulis bleekeri. Results indicate that although the number of publications remains limited and inconsistent annually, there has been an upward trend over the past two decades, particularly in Japan, the country of origin of Manganji chili. The identification of keywords, topic clusters, and prolific authors revealed a dominant research focus on biological control and banker plant systems. This study identifies research gaps that can be leveraged to develop more effective and sustainable pest control strategies. Therefore, the findings are expected to serve as a foundation for future research and policy-making in the management of Manganji chili pests.
Aphids, thrips, stink bugs, armyworms, shell-less snails
Valorization of Rice Panicle Straw and Watermelon Rind as an Innovative Medium for Eco-FriendlyProduction of SCOBY Biofilm
The valorization of agro-food waste represents a promising pathway toward sustainable bio-based materials. This study aimed to formulate a fermentation medium from rice panicle straw (merang) and watermelon rind for producing eco-friendly SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast) biofilm. The waste materials were thermally extracted without filtration to retain active solids and subsequently fermented with lactic acid bacteria for 14 days. The fermentation broth was enriched with soybean flour as a nitrogen source and Ziziphus mauritiana leaf extract as an antioxidant additive. Phytochemical screening was conducted using colorimetric reactions analyzed through chromaticity coordinates for flavonoids and grayscale intensity for alkaloids. SCOBY growth was evaluated by measuring biofilm thickness, wet and dry weight, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The results revealed that the combination of these residues provided sufficient nutrients and bioactive compounds to support SCOBY development. The best treatment produced a biofilm with 4.51 mm thickness, 17.49 g wet weight, 3.86 g dry weight, 43.11 MPa tensile strength, and 6.66% elongation. Colorimetric evaluation showed a red chromaticity spectrum for flavonoid presence (dominant wavelength 620 – 625 nm, purity 81.04%), and a clear white grayscale range (220 – 240) for alkaloids. In conclusion, this formulation offers a simple, low-cost approach to converting agricultural waste into functional biofilms. Further investigations are recommended to evaluate the shelf life and potential of liquid SCOBY as a plant immunomodulator and biofilm as organic packaging.
Herbal Jelly Candy Mengkudu and Red Ginger Extract, Physicochemical and Organoleptic Properties Reviews
Noni is a fruit that contains important nutrients such as vitamins A, C, niacin, and thiamine. Red ginger contains important compounds such as zingiberon, zingiberin, and zingibetol. Noni and red ginger can be used as jelly candy products. Jelly candy is a soft-textured confectionery that people love and is processed with the addition of hydrocolloid ingredients. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of noni juice and red ginger on jelly candy's physicochemical and organoleptic properties. The design used was a one-factor Complete Random Design (RAL) with a comparison of noni juice and red ginger, namely P1 95:5, P2 90:10, P3 85:15, P4 80:20, P5 75:25. The results showed that the combination of noni juice and red ginger juice in jelly candy products did not have a real effect on the level of chewiness of the product. The combination of noni juice and red ginger juice in jelly candy has a very real effect on the product's moisture content and ash content, where the moisture content will increase as the concentration of noni juice increases and the concentration of red ginger juice decreases. In contrast, the ash content will increase as the red ginger juice concentration increases and the noni juice concentration decreases. The combination of noni juice and red ginger juice in jelly candy did not have a real effect on the level of color and aroma preference, but had a real effect on the level of taste and chewiness, where P4 was the most preferred by the panelists.
Copyright (c) 2025 Richardus Widodo, Vera Amanda Putri, Tiurma Wiliana Susanti Panjaitan, Dwi Agustiyah Rosida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Primary Metabolite Content in Shallot Bulbs from Bantul and Sragen Basic Steps for Plant Breeding
Shallots (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) are strategic horticultural commodities rich in primary metabolite compounds that are important for nutritional value and quality of harvest. This study aims to analyze and compare the primary metabolite content in shallot bulbs from Bantul (Special Region of Yogyakarta) and Sragen (Central Java) using the proximate test method. The parameters tested include water content (thermogravimetric method), ash/minerals (dry method), fat (Soxhlet method), protein (Kjeldahl method), and carbohydrates (by different). Analysis was carried out on fresh samples from both areas representing the main production centers. The results showed differences in the composition of primary metabolites between the two samples. This difference indicates the influence of environmental factors and cultivation techniques on the nutritional profile of shallot bulbs. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for selecting cultivation sites based on nutritional quality, developing processed products that match the nutritional characteristics of the raw materials and are expected to serve as a basic step in plant breeding.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hardian Ningsih, Herlina Mega Puspitasari, Zainal Arifin, Amelga Via Playnia Mars https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Planting Media and Liquid Organic Fertilizer Interval on the Growth and Yield of Chili Peppers
This study aims to determine the effect of planting media and the interval of application of liquid organic fertilizer of banana stems on the growth and yield of chili pepper plants (Capsicum frutescens L.). The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, UTP Surakarta from December 2024 to February 2025 using a factorial complete randomized block design (RAKL) with two factors: planting media (soil, soil + manure, soil + manure + rice husks) and the interval of application of liquid organic fertilizer (without liquid organic fertilizer, once every 5 days, once every 10 days, once every 15 days). The results showed that the planting media of soil + manure + rice husks (M2) had a very significant effect on plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, number of fruits, and harvested fruit weight, with the highest results in plant height (74.729 cm), fresh weight (76.688 g), and harvested fruit weight (576.75 g). The 15-day liquid organic fertilizer application interval (P3) also showed a significant effect on plant growth and yield, with the highest plant height (67.336 cm) and the highest harvest fruit weight (524.56 g). The conclusion of this study is that the use of a mixture of soil, manure, and rice husks as a planting medium and a 15-day POC application interval is the best combination to increase the growth and yield of chili pepper. This study also shows that banana stem liquid organic fertilizer can be an alternative environmentally friendly and sustainable organic fertilizer.
Chili pepper, Liquid Organic Fertilizer, Banana stem, Planting media, Fertilization interval
Copyright (c) 2025 Haryuni, Rani Latifah, Achmad Fatchul Aziez, Endang Suprapti, Tyas. S. K. Dewi, Siti Mardhika Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Benefits of Biogas as a Renewable Energy Source in Supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the KPSP Setia Kawan Region, Pasuruan, Indonesia
KPSP (Cooperative of Dairy Farmers) Setia Kawan, Nongkojajar, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia, is one of the largest cooperatives of dairy farms in Indonesia, which consists of approximately 11,225 farmers with a population of 25,273 dairy cows. Milk production to date has reached ± 94,000 liters per day or ± 1,128,000 liters per year, which is increasing due to the milk needs of the Indonesian people, with the number of dairy cattle population in the KPSP Setia Kawan area has the potential to produce renewable energy sources, namely biogas by processing livestock manure waste. Processing livestock waste into biogas is very profitable and can play a role in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program.Processing livestock waste into renewable Energy through biogas is very appropriate because biogas can balance the use of fossil energy, which is increasingly depleting, and the use of biogas is more environmentally friendly and has economic and social benefits as a pillar of sustainable developmentThis systematic review comprehensively examines the benefits of biogas as renewable Energy in supporting the sustainable development goals program based on the three pillars of sustainable development, namely environment, economy, and social, that support the SDGs Sustainable Development Goals program. The research shows a powerful contribution benefit between the three pillars of sustainable development and sustainable development goals at KPSP Setia Kawan on biogas as renewable Energy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yudi Ariyanto , Teguh Soedarto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving Bio-Slurry Marketing Strategies In KPSP (Dairy Farmer Cooperative)
The utilisation of bio- slurry can improve sustainable agriculture and encourage increased community income, especially for dairy farmers at KPSP Setia Kawan Nongkojajar (www.kpspsetiakawan.com), Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia which is a cooperative body for dairy farmers one of the largest in Indonesia where some of the farmers have processed livestock waste into biogas with a total of approximately 1547 biogas installation units and will continue to grow considering the number of dairy farmer membersat KPSP Setia Kawan Nongkojajar about 7000 members. Therefore, in this study, the author aims to find the right bio-slurry marketing strategy to stimulate sustainable agriculture through processing livestock waste into biogas and bio-slurry. According to Li and Liu (2020), SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) is a business analysis technique used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats a company or organisation faces. The data collection method used in this research is interviews and questionnaires to 3 respondents who are represented by one of the heads of breeders at KPSP Setia Kawan Nongkojajar, biogas officers and third-party collectors, namely PT Pupuk Suburkan Negeri (PSN) as the first buyer of bio-slurry from KPSP Setia Kawan Nongkojajar, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia by interviewing and filling out questionnaires to the three respondents for data collection in May 2023. The results of the research and discussion found that the bio-slurry marketing strategy at KPSP (Dairy Farmer Cooperative) Setia Kawan Nongkojajar Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia is an SO (Strenght and Opportunity) strategy is a marketing strategy that optimizesopportunities with the strengths possessed by KPSP (Dairy Farmer Cooperative) Setia Kawan Nongkojajar, Pasuruan, Indonesia with a total score of Strength 0.69 and Weakness 0.31 as IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Summary) and EFAS (External Factor Analysis Summary) analysis Opportunity 0.51 and Treath 0.49 and quadrant EFE and IFE obtained Opportunity: 0.26, Y : Total (O-T), and X : Total (S-W) 0.66 Strength.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ariyanto, Yudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Maturity Level on the Quality of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L Merr.) Smooth Cayenne Variety During Storage Period
harvest can produce good quality fruit. The characteristics of fruit commodities at various levels of maturity at harvest time greatly determine the quality because different levels of fruit maturity will affect the quality of the fruit, and inappropriate levels of maturity will cause low fruit quality. This research was carried out by the UGJ Cirebon Faculty of Agriculture Laboratory from July to August 2024. This research used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Variables measured included weight loss, total dissolved solids content and vitamin C. Tests were carried out using analysis of variance and Duncan's test. The results showed that differences in pineapple ripeness levels made a difference to fresh weight, weight loss and total soluble solids levels. High fresh fruit weight and weight loss were obtained at a maturity level of 20%, while high total soluble solids were obtained at a maturity level of 30%. Vitamin C levels showed no differences at various stages of maturity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fawaz Fauzan, Dodi Budirokhman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Chinese Cabbage Plant (Brassica Rapa) Test Of The K01 Variety On The Total Concentration Of AB Fertilizer
This study aims to evaluate the response of K01 variety of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) to different concentrations of AB fertilizer in a hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted for six weeks at the Horticulture Research Center, MARDI Serdang, Malaysia, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five AB fertilizer concentration treatments (T1 to T5), five replications, and six samples per replication. The tested AB fertilizer concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 2.0 EC. Parameters observed included leaf number, plant height, chlorophyll content, and leaf area index (LAI). The results showed that treatments with higher AB fertilizer concentrations (T2 and T3) produced the best results in leaf number, reaching 33.4 leaves by the sixth week. In contrast, treatments with lower AB fertilizer concentrations (T1 and T4) resulted in lower leaf numbers. This study concluded that optimal AB fertilizer concentrations can enhance leaf number and growth of K01 variety Chinese cabbage in a hydroponic system. Therefore, proper fertilizer concentration management is crucial in hydroponic cultivation of Chinese cabbage to achieve maximum growth.
Cabbage, Hydroponics, Fertilizer, Variety, LAI, Plant
Copyright (c) 2025 Alfi Syahrin, Alridiwirsah, Farah Zaidat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Strategic Model To Fulfil The Food Security of Farming Families Who Maintain The Culture of Growing Local Madurese Maize
The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting farmers' decisions to continue planting Madura local corn and to determine strategies for ensuring food security for Madura local corn farmers in addressing declining productivity. The research design used is quantitative, as it involves numerical data analyzed through descriptive statistical methods. The population of this study is local corn farmers in Madura, with a sample size of 192 respondents. The quantitative method employs testing using SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that farmers' decisions to plant Madura local corn significantly impact their coping mechanisms. The choice to plant local corn also has a significant impact on their social capital. Coping mechanisms significantly influence family food security. Social capital also has a significant effect on family food security. The decision to plant Madura local corn indirectly affects family food security through coping mechanisms. Farmers' decisions also impact family food security through social capital. Strong social networks and community support help enhance food security by providing necessary resources and assistance.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ramon Syahrial, Heri Susanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Biofortification in Palm Oil Based on Saponin Nanotechnology: Innovation in Nutritional Stability, Antioxidants and for Functional Quality
Palm oil is the world's main vegetable oil commodity and significantly contributes to the food industry. However, challenges related to the low content of certain nutrients and susceptibility to lipid oxidation are major issues that affect product quality. Fortification technology is an innovative solution to improve palm oil's nutritional value and oxidative stability. This article aims to evaluate the development of modern technology in palm oil fortification, including the addition of vitamin A, vitamin E, bioactive compounds, and the use of natural and synthetic antioxidants. Various methods, such as microencapsulation, nanotechnology, and biofortification techniques, are discussed in the context of their effectiveness in maintaining nutritional stability, preventing lipid oxidation, and extending product shelf life. This review highlights the challenges of implementing fortification technology, including technical and regulatory aspects in the food industry. The results of the review indicate that fortification technology improves nutritional quality and the oxidative stability of palm oil, thus supporting the development of healthier and more value-added food products. The implementation of vitamin A and E fortification with nanotechnology is expected to be able to answer global nutritional challenges and increase the competitiveness of the palm oil industry in the international market.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sapto Priyadi, H. Haryuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on the Vegetative Growth of Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.)
Red chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) is a type of vegetable that has economic value high and contains various compounds that are useful for human health. The aim is to determine the extent of the effect of Nitrogen and phosphore on the vegetative growth of red chili plants. This study used a two- factor factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) method. The first factor is the dose of Nitrogen Fertilizer consisting of three levels, namely N1 (5 gr/plant), N2 (10 gr/plant), and N3 (15 gr/plant), the second factor is the dose of Phosphore fertilizer with two levels, namely P1 (10 gr/plant) and P2 (15 gr/plant). Observation variables include plant height, number of leaves, and number of branches. The results showed that there was a real interaction between nitrogen and phosphore fertilizers. Nitrogen Fertilizer treatment was significantly different from plant height, number of leaves and number of branches. The best Nitrogen Fertilizer treatment was at the N3 dose level (15 gr/plant). Furthermore, in the Phosphore fertilizer treatment, the best results were obtained at the P2 level (15 gr/plant) which affected plant height, number of leaves, and number of branches.
Red Chili Peppers, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Vegetative Growth
Copyright (c) 2024 Afifatun Nisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of Rice Field Conversion Effectiveness on the Availability of Rice in Jakarta Province From 1981 to 2023
This study examines the impact of rice field conversion on the availability of rice in Jakarta Province from 1981 to 2023. Over this period, Jakarta experienced rapid urbanization, transforming agricultural land especially rice field area into urban infrastructure. The rice field area shrank from 7,720 hectares in 1981 to only 341 hectares in 2023, with rice production declining from 70,387 tons to 2,674 tons. Meanwhile, rice demand surged from 474 million kilograms in 1981 to 874 million kilograms in 2023 due to population growth. The study employs secondary data analysis, utilizing regression models to assess the influence of population density and productivity on rice field area. The results indicate that population density is the primary driver, with every unit increase leading to a loss of 104 hectares of rice field area. Conversely, productivity improvements had no significant impact on land size. The findings of current study highlight a growing dependency on external food sources, exposing Jakarta to food security risks. This research underscores the urgency of sustainable land management policies to balance urbanization and agricultural preservation. Recommendations include integrating land-use planning with food security strategies to ensure a stable and sufficient food supply for Jakarta's growing population.
Land Conversion, Food Security, Food Insecurity, FSVA, Disaster Management
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Iqbal, Ibnu Guruh Putra, Achmad Roi Bafih, Dewi Rohma Wati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Giving Various Doses of Cow Manure On The Growth of Rattan Stem Seedlings (Calamus Zollingeri Becc) In Polybags
The fulfillment of rattan needs in the future will continue to increase, and it is estimated that rattan sources from natural forests will not be able to provide sufficient quantities. Therefore, rattan development is still needed, especially in cultivating it on community land or in community nurseries. Rattan cultivation needs to be developed by procuring good and quality rattan seedlings, one form of effort in increasing the productivity of rattan stems is through maintenance so that to obtain quality seedlings, additional materials are needed in the media to provide nutrients that support plant growth. One of the organic fertilizers that plays a role in soil quality and plant growth is cow manure compost where this fertilizer is processed animal waste or cow manure that is given to the soil to improve soil fertility. This study provides information on the effect of giving various doses of cow manure on the growth of rattan stem seedlings (Calamus zollingeri Becc) in polybags so that it can be used as a guide in utilizing the cow manure optimally. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments, P0 = soil without cow manure (control), P1 = 1000g soil + 200g cow manure, P2 = 1000g soil + 300g cow manure, P3 = 1000g soil + 400g cow manure, P4 = 1000g soil + 500g cow manure, Each treatment was repeated 10 times so that it required as many as (5x10) = 50 experimental seed units.
Copyright (c) 2024 Annadira, Rahmawati, Gilang Ramadhan Syahputra, Yusran, Siti Chasandra Pratiwi, Muh. Rian Pratama, Rinaldy Malik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Land Conversion’s Impact on Food Security in Sindangsari, Karawang, Indonesia
According to the Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) standard, of the 309 villages in Karawang, 63 are classified as food insecure. This study aims to determine the land conversion factors that affect food security in Karawang and to identify the factors influencing food access at the farm level. Using quantitative methods, including multiple linear regression analysis and logistic regression, the results show that the variable “number of industries” has a significant impact on food security, while income per month and farming experience significantly affect food access at the farm level. Additionally, food security (represented by the percentage of the poor) and regional security (represented by the crime rate) demonstrate a linear correlation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Henny Widyastuti, Deffi Ayu Puspito Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Utilization of Soil Amandment to Optimize Growth and Yield of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa l.) on Degraded Soil
Slurry is by product of stone process, as cutting and polishing of natural stone. The consequence of the exixtence of slurry can be seen on irrigation water quality and degraded soil such sufficient nutrient and soil physics properties. The aims of this research was to analyse the effect of soil amandment on degraded soil to improve growth of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). This research was conducted in June to August 2024 in Dukuhpuntang Cirebon using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments are combination of the rice straw compost and soil affected by natural stone waste as planting media, including: A0 (control 100% soil affected by natural stone waste), A1 (25% soil affected by natural stone waste: 75% rice straw compost), A2 (50% soil affected by natural stone waste: 50% rice straw compost), A3 (75% soil affected by natural stone waste: 25% rice straw compost). Each combination treatment repeated 6 times. The research show that the utilization of rice straw compost in soil affected by natural stone waste as planting media increasing number of plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight consumption by 41%, 39%, and 83%. Soil amendment improving the soil properties through ideal condition for plant growth, including reducing the soil compaction.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ayu Nurfadilah, Dila Handayani, R Eviyati, Ida Setya Wahyu Atmaja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluating the Nexus between Farm Size, Fertilizer Input and Technical Efficiency of Rice Production in North West, Nigeria
Rice contributes a significant function in reducing food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria. This study evaluates the nexus between farm size, fertilizer input, and technical efficiency (TE) of rice production, Nigeria. Data covered 200 rice farmers proportionally distributed in Kano and Kaduna states. The TE levels were obtained using parametric approach such as stochastic production efficiency frontier model (SPEFM) and descriptive statistics. The production constraints of rice farmers were evaluated using PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The average TE score of rice producers is 53.13% leaving an efficiency gap of 46.87% for improvement. Inferential analysis showed that the significant predictors influencing TE of rice production include fertilizer, farm size, agrochemicals, seed, and family labour. The addition of the first-order of the production predictors which is called the scale elasticity shows increasing RTS (return to scale) which is estimated at 1.958. The sources of TIE (technical inefficiency) of rice production were age, experience in rice farming, education level, members of cooperatives, and amount of credit accessed. The coefficient of variance ratio, the gamma is 0.7827, this connotes that 78.27% of variations in the output of rice were due to differences in TE. The major production constraints facing rice producers include lack of access to farm land (1st), high cost of fertilizers (2nd), and lack of agrochemicals (3rd). The cost of fertilizers should be reduced and made affordable for increased rice productivity and efficiency, secondly, easy access to farm land is necessary in terms of policy formulations and implementations.
The Nexus, Farm Size. Fertilizer Input, Technical Efficiency, Rice Production, Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2024 Olugbenga Omotayo ALABI, Ibrahim MAHARAZU, Jeremiah Samuel ALUWONG, Jerry Oluwatosin BAKO, Abdulrrahman Kabir MUHAMMAD https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0